Ramadhan Mubarak Ya Muslimin!

As salam alaikum wa rahmathullahi wa barakathu.


I want to start by first saying Jazakhallah Khair for all the participating in the exam. I hope it helped you all understand Ramadhan more so we can gain all the benefits Allah sends down on us Alhamdhulillah.


Alhamdhulillahi there has been sighting of the moon in Saudi Arabia. Another blessed Ramadan has come our way, please let us take this time to remember those less fortunate than us. Let us make new resolutions not based solely on ourselves and our wants but that of our wider society. Let us make dua for our family and friends our neighbours, colleagues and every human beneath Allahs throne. May he give us all hidaya and rahma towards ourselves, Inshallah the muslims of this world will be united in thoughts and actions and we shall lead by the best of examples.


May Allah enlighten our 'ibada, our imaan, our actions and your tongues. In this blessed month please increase your good deeds and aspire to maintain them after the month is done. Please remember those less fortunate from the ummah and the wider society, make dua (for guidance, and sabr, and hidaya for yourself first and foremost and all muslims), pay sadaqa/zakat, REPENT for this is the month of rahma and practice humility in its entirety.  Please remember all the lessons we learnt inshallah and put it to practise inshallah starting tonight INSHALLAH. I wish you all a Ramadan Mubarak ya MUSLIMIN!!!!!


As salam alaikum wa rahmathullahi wa barakathu.

EXAM TIME!!

 As Salam Alaikum Wa Rahmathullahi Wa Barakathu brothers and sisters,

So today I have something challenging and exciting as we approach Ramadhan. How prepared are you?? What better way to know if you are ready than to test yourself? :-)) I know this is a lot of hard work and most of you will probably make an excuse not to do it, but I just want to say it has many benefits as it will remind you everything about what I have talked about in the previous posts in regards to Siyam, and it will confirm to yourself whether or not you have knowledge on this topic.  The exam has several questions, and you can answer verbally without having writing it down, so as to see if you know the answers, OR, the preferred choice you can write them down and I shall send you full answers and test scores back to you once I am done assessing it. The whole reason for this is to learn from it, and practise the knowledge Inshallah so please guys NO referring back to the posts for answers. Please PARTICIPATE it will be satisfying for you Inshallah, and Allah will reward each one of you Inshallah! Ameen.

EXAM for "FIQH OF RAMADAN"

 Rules for EXAMS: - 

• First & foremost Remember we are doing this for The Sake of Allah so keeping Him as the Witness answer the Qs without going back to the Notes.
• Please send your answers to aamina_8@yahoo.com
• Please do not send the papers in attachments it increases work for nothing,rather just copy paste it in the email.
• Please copy paste the Questions in the answer sheet to make it easier for us especially for the objective types. (Ppl using mobiles and and do not have the feature of copy pasting are exempted).
• Please write the full name on top of the answer sheet & Subject of the email.

ALL THE BEST INSHAALLAH  :)

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"EXAM FOR FIQH OF RAMADAN"

----------------75 marks--------------

-----Exam time: 2 & 1/2 hrs max-----

SECTION A 

 (25 Marks)

1. True or False: - (1/2 x 20 = 10 Marks)

• a) Men or Women can make Itikaf in Masjids only.
• b) Zakat-ul-Fitr is an optional act.
• c) Listening to the Festival Sermon (Khutbah after Eid Prayer) is obligatory.
• d) The best way to give Zakat-ul Fitr is to give Money to the Needy.
• e) A person suffering from Diarrhea is excused from fasting and does not have to make it up.
• f) It is recommended to eat a Full stomach in Suhoor so that one can fast easily.
• g) It is not permissible for a Pregnant women to fast if it will put her or the Foetus in danger.
• h) Leaving Prayers intentionally can lead to the Fast not being accepted at all.
• i) We are allowed to hold the Mus'haf (Qur'an) in Taraweeh.
• j) Glucose Injection breaks the Fast.
• k) "Wa bisawmi ghadinn nawaiytu min shahri Ramadan"  is a Sahih Dua to start Fasting.
• l)"Allahumma inni laka sumtu wa bika aamantu wa 'ala rizq-ika aftarth"  is a Sahih Dua to recite before Iftar. (Opening the Fast).
• m) Sins like Shaving, not wearing Hijab, watching TV doesn’t have any effect on the Fast.
• n) The Fast is Makroo’ if one vomits.
• o) There is a double reward for those who recite Qur’an while stammering or stumbling through verses.
• p) One has to pay Zakah for a necklace made of only Diamonds and Pearls and no gold or Silver.
• q) Brushing the teeth is Makrooh while Fasting.
• r) Performing Umrah in Ramadan is like Performing Hajj with S.A.W. himself.
• s) We should follow the local people to start and finish Ramadan.
• t) Laylatul Qadr is better than a 1000 months and is on the night of 27th Ramadan.

2. Fill in the Blanks: - (1 x 8 = 8 Marks)

• a) ____________ & _______________ are the Pillars of Siyam.
• b) ____________ & _______________ are not obliged to Fast but should pay expiation.
• c) ____________ & _______________ are things that one is not required to Pay Zakah on.
• d) ____________ & _______________ are Medical benefits of Siaym
• e) The amount of gold that requires Zakat is around __________, when this amount or more has remained unchanged in one's possession for one full year.
• f) Silver requires Zakat to be paid when it reaches __________ or more and when this amount remains unchanged in one's possession for a full year. 
• g) After concluding the prayer (Eid Prayer), the Imam would climb the pulpit to deliver the 'Festival Sermon', and starts the Sermon with __________________________________ with the congregation saying after him the same.
• h) The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “If someone fights him or insults him, he should say, ‘______________________________.’”  (Reported by al-Bukhaari and others. Al-Fath, no. 1894) 

3. How many Rakahs should a person pray fro Taraweeh? Please justify your answer. (3 Marks)

4. Should Women go to Eid Prayer? Justify your answer. (4 Marks)

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SECTION B (Write any 5)

(5 x 10 = 50 Marks)

1. What should be paid for Zakat-ul-Fitr? When should we pay it? Is it allowed to pay it after Eid prayer? And who are the recipients?

2. Write any 5 Sunnahs recommended before Salatul-Eid. How do we pray Salatul Eid?

3. Write the Dua to be recited after opening the Fast. Enlist any 6 Sunnahs of Fasting.

4. Enlist the 5 things that invalidate fasts. Write in detail how one has to make up the missed fast or give expiation for the fast one breaks.

5. Who should pay Zakah?  Who should be the Recipients of Zakat? Write the things that one is obliged to pay Zakah on. 

6. Enlist any 4: -

• Meritorious acts during Ramadan.
• Acts that are disliked while Fasting. (Acts that are related only to Fasting).
• Acts that are disliked in Ramadan. (Acts that are NOT related only to Fasting).

"FIQH OF RAMADAN" - 'Fiqh of Eid'

FIQH OF EID

  

This is a little longer than usual but InshaAllah very beneficial and useful for every muslim around the world. This is our Last class for "FIQH OF RAMADAN".

ZAKATUL-FITR

There is a Zakat payment due at the end of the month of fasting, called Ramadhan. The day that it is due is called 'Eidul-Fitr, which is a day of celebrating the end of the fast. One of the Prophet's Companions named Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, said:

"Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon Him) enjoined the payment of one Sa' of dates or one Sa' of barley as Zakatul-Fitr on every Muslim, slave or free, male or female, young or old, and he ordered that it be paid before the people went out to offer the 'Eid prayer." (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

Rulings on zakaat al-fitr

The correct view is that it is fard (obligatory), because Ibn ‘Umar said: “The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) made zakaat al-fitr obligatory,” and because of the consensus of the scholars (ijmaa’) that it is fard. 

(Al-Mughni, part 2, Baab Sadaqat al-Fitr). 

The Wisdom Behind Zakatul-Fitr

Zakatul-Fitr purifies the fasting person from whatever shortcomings, such as foul or unnecessary speech, that he might have indulged in during his fast. It also saves the poor people from the humiliation of asking people for help on the day of the 'Eid. One of the Prophet's Companions named Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: "TheMessenger of Allah enjoined Zakatul-Fitr as a redemption for the fasting person from unnecessary or foul speech and as a food for the poor." (Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah) 

Who is obliged to pay it?

A man has to pay on behalf of himself and his wife – even if she has money of her own – and his children and parents if they are poor, and his daughter if she is married but the marriage has not yet been consummated. If his son is rich, he does not have to give zakaat al-fitr on his behalf. A husband has to give zakaat al-fitr on behalf of a divorced wife whose divorce (talaaq) is not yet final (i.e., she is still in the ‘iddah of a first or second talaaq), but not in the case of a rebellious wife or one whose divorce is final. A son does not have to give zakaat al-fitr on behalf of a poor father’s wife because he is not obliged to spend on her.

[When giving zakaat al-fitr], one should start with the closest people first, so he gives it on behalf of himself, then his wife, then his children, then the rest of his relatives in order of closeness, following the pattern laid out in the rules governing inheritance.

What Should be Given as Zakatul-Fitr

The amount to be given is one saa’ of food, according to the measure of saa’ used by the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), because of the following hadeeth.

- Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: “At the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) we used to give it in the form of a saa’ of food…”  (Reported by al-Bukhaari, 1412). 

A saa’ is approximately equivalent to three kilograms of rice.

As for giving zakaat al-fitr in the form of money, this is not permissible at all, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said that it must be given in the form of food, not money. He clearly stated that it is to be given in the form of food, so it is not permissible to give it in any other form and Islam wants it to be given openly, not secretly. The Sahaabah gave zakaat al-fitr in the form of food, and we should follow, not innovate.  

The time for giving zakaat al-fitr

It should be given before the Eid prayer, as is stated in the hadeeth that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) “commanded that it should be given before the people went out to pray.” 

(Al-Bukhaari, 1407). 

The best time to pay Zakatul-Fitr is the time from dawn on 'Eid until just before the 'Eid prayer. However, those who give it before the morning of the 'Eid (i.e. a day or two before the 'Eid) have properly fulfilled the obligation. Those who give it away after the 'Eid prayer, it is considered as a voluntary charity (Sadaqah) only. In other words it is not counted as Zakatul-Fitr.

It is disliked (makrooh) to delay giving it until after Salaat al-‘Eid; some scholars said that this is haraam and is counted as qadaa’ (making up a duty that has not been performed on time), on the basis of the hadeeth, “Whoever pays it before the prayer, it is an accepted zakaat, and whoever pays it after the prayer, it is just a kind of charity.” 

(Reported by Abu Dawood, 1371). 

The Recipients of Zakatul-Fitr 

Zakatul-Fitr is paid to the same eight categories of people who are eligible to receive the Zakat on wealth, as we explained before. The poor and the needy are the most deserving people for Zakatul-Fitr.  

EID PRAYER

  

Sunnahs of Idul-Fitr Prayer

On the first day of Shawwal (the month that follows Ramadan) the person goes to the 'id Mosque or praying ground having undertaken the following recommended acts:

• Total ablution (Ghusl).

• Dressed in the best of clothes (preferably new clothing).

• Assumed a breaking of the Fast by eating at least a few pieces of dates. This is in accordance with the tradition of the Prophet (peace be upon him), and an odd number is preferred i.e. 3, 5, 7, 9 and so on.

• It is Sunnah to say Takbeer loudly when leaving our homes to go to Eid Prayer. 

• The Sunnah for Eid Prayers is to pray in the Musallah (that is in an uncovered place) and not in the Masjid. The Prophet [pbuh] never prayed Eid Prayer in the Masjid

• It is the practice (Sunnah) to head to the 'id praying center by walking. Upon arrival at the place of prayer the person sits and waits for the prayer to begin.

Prayer of Eid ul-Fitr

1. After about 20 minutes from clear sun rise, the imam stands up for the prayer and loudly signifies the entering into prayer by reciting the "Takbiiratil lhraam" that is "ALLAHU AKBAR". The whole congregation also follows suit by reciting the "Takbiiratil-lhraam".

2. As usual, with any other prayer, the person thereafter comes up with the opening supplication known as "DUA AL ISTIFTAAH".

3. After that, the Imam says "ALLAHU AKBAR" 6 more times and the congregation would follow likewise.

4. After completing the recitations of the words of greatness which total up to seven, the Imam would then seek the protection of Allah (subhanahu wa ta'ala) from the cursed satan in a low voice by saying "AUTHU B'LJBILLAHI MINASH SHAYTANIRRRAJIIM". He would thereafter silently invoke Allah's name by saying: "BISMILLAHIR- RAHMANI-R--RAHIIM" and then recite "AL FATIHAH" (the opening chapter of the Holy Qur'an) in a loud voice. The followers (congregation) would then say "Ameen" together loudly after the Imam completes reciting the "Al Fatihah". Each follower would then recite "Al-Fatihah" silently. It is recommended that the Imam thereafter recites the whole of chapter 87 of the Holy Qur'an i.e. "SA BIHISMA " (Glorified be the name of thy Lord, the Most high) or Chapter 50 Surah Al-Qaf. The followers are required to listen to the Imam's recitation.

5. The Imam then raises his hands up to the level of his shoulders or ears performs "Rukuu" saying "ALLAHU AKBAR." 'Thereafter he raises his head up from bowing saying "SAMI'A ALLAHU LIMAN HAMIDA" followed by the congregation saying "RABBANNA WALAKAL HAMD". The Imam and the congregation thereafter proceed to prostration saying "ALLAHU AKBAR".

6. After the prostration, the Imam would resume the standing position for the second rakaat and the congregation would follow him up accordingly.

7. Thereafter, the Imam would say "ALLAHU AKBAR" 5 times and the congregation would perform likewise, and would recite the private supplication between each "Takbiir" as already discussed in point 4 above.

8. Then, the Imam recites "AL-FATIHAH" and for this second rakaat it is preferred that he thereafter recites the whole of chapter 88 of the Holy Qur'an i.e. "Al Ghasiya", (The Disaster) or Chapter 54 Surah Al-Qamr  and the congregation would listen attentively.

9. Thereafter, the Imam completes the Rukuu (bowing) and Sujuud (prostration) positions in the manner already discussed and sits back for the words of witness "At-Tashahud". Then, the Imam concludes the prayer with the words of peace i.e. "ASSALAMU ALEYKUM WA RAHMATULLAH" and of course, the entire congregation would follow the Imam in all these acts as is the custom in all prayers.

• After concluding the prayer, the Imam would climb the pulpit to deliver the 'Festival Sermon', and starts the same with nine recitations of "ALLAHU AKBAR" with the congregation saying after him the same. After listening to the sermon, the congregation disperses. Listening to the sermon is not obligatory but is recommended.

• Jabir reported: "The Prophet [pbuh] used to come back from Eid-al-Fitr on a path other than the one used in going to it." [Bukhaari] 

Offering congratulations 

 The etiquette of Eid also includes the congratulations and good wishes exchanged by people, no matter what the wording, such as saying to one another TAQABBALA ALLAH MINNA WA MINKUM (May Allaah accept (good deeds) from us and from you) or “Eid mubaarak” and other permissible expressions of congratulations. 

It was narrated that Jubayr ibn Nufayr said: When the companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) met one another on the day of Eid, they would say to one another, “May Allaah accept (good deeds) from us and from you.” Ibn Hajar said, its isnaad is hasan. Al-Fath, 2/446. 

Idul-Adha Prayer

"IDUL ADHA", (Feast of Immolation) prayer is performed on the 10th day of the 12th month of Islamic "Hijra" Calendar and is performed exactly in the same manner as enumerated and discussed above for the 'Idul Fitr Prayer

Women going for Eid Prayer

It is not obligatory for women, but it is Sunnah. Women should offer this prayer in the prayer-place with the Muslims, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) enjoined them to do that. 

According to a report narrated by al-Tirmidhi: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to bring out the virgins, adolescent girls, women in seclusion and menstruating women on the two Eids, but the menstruating women were to keep away from the prayer place and witness the gathering of the Muslims. One of them said, “O Messenger of Allaah, what if she does not have a jilbaab?” He said, “Then let her sister lend her one of her jilbaabs.” (Agreed upon).

Based on the above, it is clear that for women to go out and attend the Eid prayers is a confirmed Sunnah, but that is subject to the condition that they do not go out unveiled or making a wanton display of themselves, as is known from other evidence. 

"FIQH OF RAMADAN" - 'Zakah & Its Calculations'

ZAKAH & ITS CALCULATIONS

Continuing with Zakaah, As this is our last class this is a little long but InshaAllah beneficial as these are the things one must know.

TYPES OF POSESSIONS THAT REQUIRE PAYING THE ZAKAH

• Gold and Silver

This is based on Allah's Statement in the Noble Qur'an:

وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ 

"And those who hoard up gold and silver (i.e. the money, the Zakat of which has not been paid) and spend them not in the way of Allah, announce unto them a painful torment,"(9:34)

Also, the Prophet (Peace be upon Him), said: "There is no charity on what is less than five Uqiyyah (of silver)," (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

(Note: Five Uqiyyahis equal to 595 grams.)

•  Women's Jewelry That is made of Gold or Silver and is Used for Beautification Purposes

There is a difference of opinion amongst the scholars concerning Zakat on gold and silver jewelry that is kept for beautification and not sold for business purposes, The correct view is that there is Zakat due on it if it reaches the Nisab amount, The Prophet (Peace be upon Him) said: "Anyone who owns gold or silver and does not pay Zakat on them, on the Day of Resurrection they will be made into plates of fire and they will then bum his sides, forehead and back." (Muslim)

The Prophet (Peace be upon Him) also asked a woman whose daughter was wearing two gold bracelets, if she had paid the Zakat on them. When the woman replied that she had not, the Prophet (Peace be upon Him) said: "Would you be pleased to have Allah make two bracelets of fire from them on the Day of Judgement?" (Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i and graded as good)

The Nisab amount for gold is twenty Mithqals, or 85 grams. The Nisab for silver is one hundred and forty Mithqals, or 595 grams. If the amount of gold and silver jewelry that a woman owns is less than these amounts, there is no Zakat due upon her jewelry.

• Rikaz (Buried Precious Metals or Minerals)

These are any precious metals, stones or minerals that are buried in the earth (such as buried treasures or mines) When they are found, 1/5th (20%) Zakat is due upon the find.

The Prophet (Peace be upon Him) said: "There is no compensation for one killed or wounded by an animal, or by falling in a well, or due to working in mines: and one-fifth (Zakat) is compulsory on Rikaz," (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

• Livestock Animals: Camels, Cows, and Sheep

Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon Him) said: "Whoever had camels or cows or sheep, and did not pay their Zakat those animals will be brought on the Day of Resurrection far bigger and fatter than before, They will trample him with their hooves and butt him with their horns, When the last has its turn, the first will start again, and this punishment will go on until Allah has finished the judgements amongst the people," (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

• Food Grains and Fruit

Certain crops and grains that could be kept or stored require Zakat to be paid on them. The grains that require Zakat are barley and wheat. The fruits that require Zakat to be paid are dates (fresh and dried) and raisins, However, this does not include the fruit and grains that one intends to feed oneself and one's family with, This ruling applies to a person like a farmer who harvests and sells fruit and grains that he does not intend to use for his own needs and the needs of his family, Allah (S.W.T) said interpretation of the meaning in english: -

  "... but pay the due thereof on the day of its harvest..." (6: 141)

Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon Him) said: "On a land irrigated by rain water or by natural water channels or land that is wet due to a nearby water channel. One-tenth (10%) is compulsory (as Zakat); on the land irrigated by a well. half of a tenth (5%) is compulsory (as Zakat on the yield of the land)." (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

He (Peace be upon Him) also said: "There is no Zakat due on what is less than five Wasqs (of grains or vegetation)." (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

(Note: Five Wasqs are approximately 618 kg; One Wasq = 60 Sa' of measured grain.)

TYPES OF WEALTH THAT DO NOT REQUIRE ZAKAH

• Fruits, Vegetables and Grains Other Than Dates, Raisins, wheat and Barley

There is no evidence that other produce requires Zakat. The Prophet (Peace be upon Him) never levied Zakat on any produce or grain other than these four items. Yet, it is preferred to give away some of this produce to the poor and neighbors. Allah (S.W.T) said:

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ وَمِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ 

"O you who believe! Spend of the good things which you have (legally) earned, and of that which We have produced from the earth for you..." (2:267)

• Servants, Horses, Mules and Donkeys

Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon Him) said: "There is no charity required from the Muslim regarding his horse or servant." (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

Further, it has not been reported that the Prophet (Peace be upon Him) ever collected charity on mules or donkeys.

• The Money that does not Reach the Amount of Nisab

Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon Him) said: "There is no Zakat on less than five Wasqs (approximately 618 kilograms of grain). There is no Zakat on less than five Uqiyyah of silver (595 grams). And there is no Zakat on less than five camels (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

• The Property That is not Used for Commercial Purposes

These include rugs, homes, cars, furniture, precious stones, pearls, and diamonds that are not used for commercial purposes. These personal items do not require payment of Zakat.

• Women's Jewelry That is used for Beautification Purposes

This applies to any precious stones, such as pearls, diamonds and so forth. There is no Zakat due on them Therefore, any necklaces, bracelets broaches or rings that are made a materials other than gold and silver do not require payment of Zakat.

THE REQUIRED AMOUNT (NISAB) FOR ZAKAH

• Gold

The amount of gold that requires Zakat is around 85 grams, when this amount or more has remained unchanged in one's possession for one full year. The required Zakat in this case is one-fourth of a tenth (2.5%).

• Silver

Silver requires Zakat to be paid when it reaches 595 grams or more and when this amount remains unchanged in one's possession for a full year. The amount of Zakat required in this case is also one-fourth of a tenth (2.5%) 

• Cash at One's Disposal

When it is worth the amount of gold or silver that requires Zakat and when this amount remains above the Nisab value for a full year. Zakat in this case is also one-fourth of a tenth, or 2.5%.

• Items Used for Business Transactions and Commercial Purposes

This requires a fourth of a tenth (2.5%) Zakat to be paid on them, when they remain a full year without decreasing below the Nisab amount. The minimum amount of the value of business merchandise that requires Zakat to be paid is the same as gold and silver, and the merchant could use either standard to estimate how much Zakat he should pay.

• Treasures

When the Muslim finds any treasures hidden in his land, he is required to give a fifth (20%) of that treasure in charity as Zakat.

• Mines

Mines, such as gold and silver mines, require Zakat to be paid on them whenever the minerals are discovered and extracted, just as the case with produce. Mines for extracting precious metals and minerals fall under the ruling of Rikaz and thus 1/5th (20%) Zakat is due upon them just as with buried treasure.

• Returns on Investments

If the investment is merchandizing transactions or animal products, then the Zakat for these returns on investment should be paid in addition to, and at the same time when the Zakat is paid on the principal, even if these profits did not remain for a full year. For instance, if the animal gives birth when the Zakat on the animals is due, then the owner should add all of these animals together and pay the Zakat due on all of them, and such is the case with monetary investments. When one earns money from inheritance or gifts, the Zakat becomes due if such inheritance reaches the minimum amount that requires Zakat and remains for a full year in one's possession without decreasing below the Nisab amount.

• Livestock

Grazing camels, grazing cows and grazing sheep and goats are eligible for Zakat payment. Each category of the above mentioned livestock animals has a set Nisab amount based upon the number of animals owned. These figures can be researched from the appropriate books of Islamic Jurisprudence.

• Fruits and Grains

When the produce is ready for harvest and the fruits become ripe, then the Zakat on them is due. Allah (S.W.T)says interpretation of the meaning in English is: -

 "...but pay the due thereof (their Zakat) on the day of their harvest..." (6:141)

As for fruit, every type of fruit has its own standard as to when it is ripe and ready to eat. For instance, dates are ripe when they become red or yellow, while grapes are ripe when they become sweet.

The amounts of fruits and grains that require Zakat is five Wasqs, each of which is sixty Sa', and a Sa' is slightly less than three kilograms. Hence, the minimum Nisab that requires Zakat on dates. raisins, wheat and barley is three hundred Sa' (or approximately 618 kg). If the crop is watered without much effort, such as by spring water or by rain, it requires one-tenth (10%) as Zakat payment. This means that half of a Wasq is due for every five Wasqs. If such produce is watered with effort. such as from wells or irrigation channels, it requires a half of a tenth (5%) as Zakat payment. This means for every five Wasqs, there is a quarter of a Wasq due for Zakat.

Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon Him) said:  "On a land irrigated by rain water, or by natural water channels, or if the land is wet due to a nearby water channel, one-tenth is compulsory (as Zakat). On the land irrigated by a well. half of one tenth is compulsory (as Zakat on the yield of the land)," (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

THE RECIPIENTS OF ZAKAH

Zakat is spent on eight groups of people, as mentioned in the Qur'an:

إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ ۖ فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ

"As-Sadaqat (here it means Zakat) is only for the Fuqara '(poor), and Al Masakin (the needy who do not beg) and those employed to collect (the funds); and to attract the hearts of those who have been inclined (towards Islam); and to free the captives; and for those in debt; and for Allah's cause (i.e., for Mujahidun -those fighting in a battle for the cause of Islam), and for the wayfarer (a traveler who is cut off from everything); a duty imposed by Allah. And Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise." (9:60)

HOW TO PAY ZAKAH

We have discussed who must pay Zakat, how much is to be paid and who are its recipients. Now, the issue remains as to how the Zakat is to be paid. In an Islamic state, the Muslim leader (Khalifah, Ameer, etc.) is responsible for the collection of Zakat. His duty is to make sure that those Muslims who possess the minimum amount of wealth (Nisab) pay their Zakat in a timely manner. The ruler will deputize certain trustworthy men to go about amongst the Muslims and collect the Zakat from those upon whom it is due. He is also responsible for making sure that the Zakat is distributed amongst those who are worthy of receiving it.

In a situation where the Muslim lives in a land (i.e. country. state, province. etc.) where there is no Muslim ruler, and the governing authorities are non-Muslims, then it is left to the individual to pay his Zakat as he sees fit. The person must keep up with his own earnings and savings, and determine for himself, based upon the previously mentioned conditions, when Zakat is due upon his wealth. Likewise, he must decide who is most deserving of receiving his Zakat. He may either distribute it amongst those whom he knows to be qualified recipients or he may give it to a local mosque to be distributed amongst those who are needy.

In a non-Muslim society, no Muslim (individual or group) has the right to demand Zakat from others by force, violence or any such threats. This is a right that is specifically for the Muslim rulers in the lands of the Muslims.

"FIQH OF RAMADAN" - 'Introdution to Fiqh of Zakah'

Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh.
"Verily, all praise is due to Allah. It is due to Him, and to Him alone. We praise Him and we seek His help and forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evil of our own selves and from the evil of our actions. And whomsoever Allah guides, there is none to misguide him, and whomsoever Allah leads astray none can guide him aright. I testify that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah, alone with no partner, and I testify that Muhammad (SAWS) is His slave and messenger. Indeed the best speech is the book of Allah, and the best guidance is that of Muhammad (SAWS). The worst affairs are the newly invented matters, for every newly invented matter is an innovation, and every innovation is misguidance, and every misguidance is in the Fire." 

Alhamdulilah we have covered the Fiqh of Fasting which is the Fourth Pillar of Islam  and now InshaAllah we will study the Fiqh of Zakaah as most of the Muslims around the World give out their Zakaah in Ramadan.

Introdution to Fiqh of Zakah

(Obligatory Charity)

Zakat is a certain fixed portion of the wealth and property that a Muslim is obliged to pay yearly for the benefit of the poor in the Muslim community. The payment of Zakat is obligatory, as it is one of the five pillars of Islam. Zakat is the major economic means for establishing social justice and leading the Muslim society towards prosperity and security.

Every Muslim who owns a fixed, minimum amount of wealth (called Nisab), and who satisfies certain other conditions, must pay Zakat. The Qur'an mentions Zakat in many places. For example, Allah (S.W.T) says:

خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ ۖ إِنَّ صَلَاتَكَ سَكَنٌ لَهُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ

"Take Sadaqah (obligatory charity) from their wealth in order to purify them and sanctify them with it, and invoke Allah for them. Verily, your invocations are a source of security for them, and Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower." (9:103)

Zakat has also been mentioned by Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him) in many Ahadith (recorded statements and deeds of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him). The Prophet (Peace be upon Him) said:

"Islam was built on five (pillars): testifying that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that Muhammad (Peace be upon Him), is the Messenger of Allah; establishing the prayer (perfectly and on time); paying Zakat; performing pilgrimage to the House (the Ka 'bah); and fasting Ramadhan"

(Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

Furthermore, the Prophet (Peace be upon Him) said in his advice to his Companion Mu'ath (May Allah (S.W.T) be pleased with him) when he sent him to Yemen:

"You are going to a People of the (Divine) Book." Then he (Peace be upon Him) continued... "Allah (S.W.T) has enjoined on them Zakat that is to be taken from the rich amongst them and given to the poor. If they obey you in that, take Zakat from them, yet avoid (don't take) the best property of the people as Zakat. "

(Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

Zakat has been made obligatory on Muslims for an honorable wisdom and to bring about many noble benefits. Zakat purifies one's property and earnings, increases them and saves them from destructive impurities. Zakat fills one's wealth with the blessings of obedience to Allah ~ and honoring His Commandments. It cleanses the human soul from the ills of greed, miserly conduct, covetousness and selfishness. It extends help to the poor, the needy and the deprived. It unites the hearts upon Iman (Faith) and Islam (submission to Allah). It rids the hearts of the darkness of weak faith and evil doubts, and brings them to the clarity of strong faith and certainty. The Qur'anic Verses and the Prophetic Ahadith strongly encourage giving Zakat while affirming its great reward and tremendous bounties. It is a means to enter Paradise, and a deed that allows one to taste the sweetness of Iman (Faith). Giving this obligatory charity does not decrease a person's wealth, as some stingy people may think.

Whoever refuses to pay Zakat, while rejecting its necessity in Islam, is a disbeliever. On the other hand, whoever refuses to pay the required Zakat on his wealth due to stinginess or laziness, while he still believes that it is a necessary act in Islam, is a sinner, The Qur'anic Verses and the Ahadith have used the strongest terms to warn against refusing to pay Zakat, promising ultimate failure and the severest punishment and torment for such an offense, Allah (S.W.T) said:

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْأَحْبَارِ وَالرُّهْبَانِ لَيَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ {34}

يَوْمَ يُحْمَىٰ عَلَيْهَا فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ فَتُكْوَىٰ بِهَا جِبَاهُهُمْ وَجُنُوبُهُمْ وَظُهُورُهُمْ ۖ هَٰذَا مَا كَنَزْتُمْ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ فَذُوقُوا مَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْنِزُونَ

"And those who hoard up gold and silver (i.e, the money, the Zakat of which has not been paid) and spend them not in the way of Allah, announce unto them a painful torment. On the Day when that (wealth) will be heated in the fire of Hell and with it will be branded their foreheads, their flanks, and their backs, (and it will be said unto them:) 'This is the treasure which you hoarded for yourselves. Now taste of what you used to hoard,'" (9:34-35)

Also, Allah (S.W.T) said:

وَلَا يَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ بِمَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ هُوَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ ۖ بَلْ هُوَ شَرٌّ لَهُمْ ۖ سَيُطَوَّقُونَ مَا بَخِلُوا بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ۗ وَلِلَّهِ مِيرَاثُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ

"And let not those who covetously withhold of that which Allah has bestowed ,on them of His Bounty (wealth) think that it is good for them (and so they do not pay the obligatory Zakat). Nay, it will be worse for them; the things which they covetously withheld shall be tied to their necks like a collar on the Day of Resurrection." (3:180)

THOSE REQUIRED TO PAY ZAKAT

Those who satisfy the following conditions are required to pay the Zakat:

• Muslims who own a minimum amount of extra wealth (referred to as Nisab) beyond the necessities of life, such as food, clothing, places of residence, means of transportation and the tools necessary for work.
• A full year has passed (hawl) since one had possession of the minimum amount of wealth liable for payment of the Zakat. However, fruits and vegetables are not included in this ruling.
• The Nisab is free from debts and thus is not owed to debtors.

Meritorious Acts During Ramadhan

Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh.


"Verily, all praise is due to Allah. It is due to Him, and to Him alone. We praise Him and we seek His help and forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evil of our own selves and from the evil of our actions. And whomsoever Allah guides, there is none to misguide him, and whomsoever Allah leads astray none can guide him aright. I testify that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah, alone with no partner, and I testify that Muhammad (SAWS) is His slave and messenger. Indeed the best speech is the book of Allah, and the best guidance is that of Muhammad (SAWS). The worst affairs are the newly invented matters, for every newly invented matter is an innovation, and every innovation is misguidance, and every misguidance is in the Fire." 

This post is pretty self explanatory. Below are the acts that are considered to gain you more rewards during fasting Inshallah.

1. The Night Prayer or Tarawih Prayers

Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon Him) has encouraged offering prayer at night regularly. This prayer is known as the 'night prayer' (Qiyamul-Layl) or (Tahajjud). During Ramadhan this prayer is also call Tarawih. It is allowed to offer the Tarawih, at any time starting from the conclusion of' Isha (Night) prayer until the commencement of the Fajr (Dawn) prayer. The Prophet (Peace be upon Him) always prayed eleven Rak'ahs (units of prayer) for the optional night prayer, whether it was during Ramadhan or any other time of the year but it is allowed to pray more than 11 Rakahs InshaAllah. 

Narrated Ibn Umar: Once a person asked Allah's Apostle about the night prayer. Allah's Apostle replied, "The night prayer is offered as two Rakat followed by two Rakat and so on and if anyone is afraid of the approaching dawn (Fajr prayer) he should pray one Raka and this will be a Witr for all the Rakat which he has prayed before." (Bukhari Volume 2, Book 16, Number 105)

Two groups have gone to extremes with regard to this matter. The first group denounced everyone who prays more than eleven rak’ahs and said that doing so was bid’ah. The second group denounced those who do only eleven rak’ahs and said that they are going against scholarly consensus (ijmaa’). 

Let us listen to what Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: 

Here we say that we should not go to extremes or be negligent. Some people go to extremes in adhering to the number mentioned in the Sunnah, and say that it is not permissible to do more than the number mentioned in the Sunnah, and they aggressively denounce those who do more than that, saying that they are sinners. 

This is undoubtedly wrong. How can they be sinners, when the Prophet SAWS (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), upon being asked about night prayers, said that they are to be done two by two, and he did not specify any particular number? Of course  the one who asked him about the night prayer did not know the number, because if he did not know how to do it, it is even more likely that he did not know the number. And he was not one of those who served the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) so that we might say that he knew what happened inside his house. Since the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) told him how to do it but did not say how many times, it may be understood that the matter is broad in scope, and that a person may pray one hundred rak’ahs then pray Witr with one rak’ah. 

Tarawih, is a voluntary prayer by which a true believer intends to seek the pleasure of Allah and draw near to Him. The Prophet said (Peace be upon Him):

"Whoever performed the night prayer in Ramadhan with sincere faith and hoping for a reward from Allah, then all his past sins will be forgiven." (Al-Bukhari)

Al-Tirmidhi (806) narrated that Abu Dharr (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever prays qiyaam – i.e., Taraweeh – with the imam until he finishes, it will be recorded as if he spent the whole night in prayer.”  

Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi. 

2. Giving Charity And Donations

One of the good deeds of this blessed month of Ramadhan is charity and benevolence, which is more virtuous than during the other months. The goal of giving charity and donations is to attain the pleasure of Allah(S.W.T).

“And whatever you spend in good, it will be repaid to you in full, and you shall not be wronged.” (Quran 2:272)

Narrated by Ibn Abbas, "The Prophet was the most generous amongst the people, and he used to be more so in the month of Ramadan when Gabriel visited him, and Gabriel used to meet him on every night of Ramadan till the end of the month. The Prophet used to recite the Holy Qur'an to Gabriel, and when Gabriel met him, he used to be more generous than a fast wind (which causes rain and welfare). (Bukhari)

3. Increasing One's Recitation of The Qur'an

The blessed month of Ramadhan is the month of the Qur'an, in which reciting the Qur'an according to one's ability is strongly recommended. The Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon Him) recited the Qur'an with the utmost concentration and deep contemplation of its meanings. For Ramadhan is the month in which the Qur'an was revealed. Allah (S.W.T) says interpretation of the meaning is: -

"The month of Ramadhan, in which the Qur'an was revealed; a guidance for mankind and clear proofs for the guidance and the criterion (between right and wrong)." (2:185)

Ramadan was the month in which the Qur’an was first revealed so it is the month of the Qur’an. We should devote much of this blessed month reciting the Qur’an.

Az-Zuhri Radi Allahu anhu used to say upon the coming of Ramadan, “It is only about reciting the Qur’an and feeding the poor.”

Abdur-Raziq Radi Allahu anhu said, “When Ramadan came, Sufyan Ath-Thawri would give up all acts of (voluntary) worship and devote himself to the recitation of the Qur’an.”

But for many of us the Qur’an has gathered a lot of dust since the last time we picked it up.

As Ramadan is fast approaching we must blow off the dust and start to build a close relationship with the Qur’an for it will intercede with us on the day of judgement:

“Recite the Holy Qur’an as much as we can for It will come as an intercessor for its reciter’ on the Day of Judgement” (Muslim)

The Recitor will be in the company of Angels:

‘Aa’ishah Radi Allahu anha related that the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) said: “Indeed the one who recites the Quran beautifully, smoothly, and precisely, will be in the company of the noble and obedient angels. As for the one who recites with difficulty, stammering or stumbling through its verses, then he will have twice that reward.”  (Bukhaari & Muslim)

There are Ten Rewards for Every Letter Recited from the Quran in normal times but in Ramadan these rewards are multiplied:

“Whoever reads a letter from the Book of Allaah, he will have a reward, and this reward will be multiplied by ten. I am not saying that ‘Alif, Laam, Meem’ (a combination of letters frequently mentioned in the Holy Quran) is a letter, rather I am saying that ‘Alif’ is a letter, ‘Laam’ is a letter and ‘Meem’ is a letter.” (At-Tirmithi)

Narrated by Ibn Abbas, "The Prophet was the most generous amongst the people, and he used to be more so in the month of Ramadan when Gabriel visited him, and Gabriel used to meet him on every night of Ramadan till the end of the month. The Prophet used to recite the Holy Qur'an to Gabriel, and when Gabriel met him, he used to be more generous than a fast wind (which causes rain and welfare). (Bukhari)

So what better time for us to get into the habit of reciting the Qur’an than to begin to do so right now. We should recite the Qur’an with its meanings and try to understand and implement it into our daily lives.

We should set ourselves realistic targets for how much we should begin to recite each day for e.g. we will recite some pages a day, half a juz (chapter), or 1 juz etc. We should recite however much we can manage and then build up gradually and aim to finish reciting the whole Qur'an at least once in the Month of Ramadhan

Everyone must endeavor to the best of his ability to fear Allah ~ with a conscious heart. In order to generate such a fearful mind, the best method is to recite the Noble Qur'an with due concentration, understanding, and contemplation of its meanings. Moreover, while reciting the Qur'an, he should reflect upon the supreme Omnipotence and absolute Majesty of Allah (S.W.T).

"Fear Allâh and Allâh teaches you". (2:282)

"And they fall down on their faces weeping and it increases their humility.'' (17:109)

"The believers are only those who, when Allah is mentioned, feel a fear in their hearts and when His Verses (this Qur'an) are recited unto them, they increase their Faith; and they put their trust in their Lord (Alone)." [Al-Anfaal (8):2]

Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet (salallahu alaihi wasallam) said, "The fire will not touch a man who weeps out of the fear of Allâh until the milk returns to the breasts. .............". (at-Tirmidhî (hasan sahîh), an-Nasâ'i and al Hâkim (sahîh))

Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet (salallahu alaihi wasallam) said, “Allah will give shade, to seven, on the Day when there will be no shade but His. (These seven persons are) a just ruler, a youth who has been brought up in the worship of Allah (i.e. worships Allah sincerely from childhood), a man whose heart is attached to the mosques (i.e. to pray the compulsory prayers in the mosque in congregation), two persons who love each other only for Allah’s sake and they meet and part in Allah’s cause only, a man who refuses the call of a charming woman of noble birth for illicit intercourse with her and says: I am afraid of Allah, a man who gives charitable gifts so secretly that his left hand does not know what his right hand has given (i.e. nobody knows how much he has given in charity), and a person who remembers Allah in seclusion and his eyes are then flooded with tears.” [Saheeh Al-Bukhari, Vol. No. 1, Hadeeth No. 629]

This Month should be used to get ourselves in that mould so that we can InshaAllah be Mindful of Allah through out the year and all our Lives.

4. Seclusion in the Mosque (I`tikaf)

One of the special deeds of Ramadhan is I`tikaf. Performing I`tikaf means to confine oneself in seclusion in a mosque for the purpose of worshipping Allah alone, leaving every worldly and personal affair. The mind of the person who observes I`tikaf concentrates exclusively on the goal of pleasing Allah (S.W.T). He is engaged in various types of worship, repentance, and beseeching Allah's forgiveness. He offers as many voluntarily prayers as he can, saying words of remembrance and invocations, etc. to Allah (S.W.T). In this sense, practicing I`tikaf is a combination of many acts of worship.

Narrated Abdullah bin Umar: Allah's Apostle used to practise Itikaf in the last ten days of the month of Ramadan. (Bukhari)

Narrated 'Aisha: (the wife of the Prophet) The Prophet used to practice Itikaf in the last ten days of Ramadan till he died and then his wives used to practice Itikaf after him. (Bukhari)

So Itikaf is also allowed for Sisters unlike what is believed now a days. 

5. Searching for the Night of Decree

The Night of Decree (Laylatul-Qadr) is more virtuous and meritorious than one thousand months. It is the night of Ramadhan in which the Qur'an was brought from the highest heavens down to mankind. Allah ~ says in the Noble Qur'an interpretation of the meaning is: -

"Verily, We have sent it (this Qur'an) down in the Night of Decree (Al-Qadr). And what will make you know what the Night of Decree is? The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months." (97:1-3)

This night occurs every year during one of the five odd nights of the last ten days of Ramadhan. The exact time of its occurrence is unknown. The only thing that is clear concerning its time is that it occurs during the last ten nights of Ramadhan. Many scholars hold the view that it fluctuates from year to year between the odd nights of the last ten nights. This means that one year it may occur during the 21st night (for example) and the next year it may fall on the 27th night. One of the possible reasons behind its concealment is that a true believer should endeavor in worshipping Allah during those odd numbered nights so as to attain all the rich reward and virtue of that tremendous time.

Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon Him) has described its superiority and said: "Whoever prays during the Night of Decree, with firm belief and expecting a reward for it, his previous sins are forgiven." (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

In other words, whenever you endeavor in worshipping in the odd nights of the last ten nights, then you will definitely attain the virtues of the Night of Decree.

6. Performing `Umrah During Ramadhan

Performing 'Umrah (lesser pilgrimage to Makkah) in Ramadhan is especially virtuous because it is equal in reward to Hajj (the major pilgrimage to Makkah).

The Prophet (Peace be upon Him) said:"Umrah in Ramadhan is equal (in reward) to Hajj -or he said "equal to (performing) Hajj with me." (Al-Bukhari and Muslim).